Shadow Fleet

Marine vessels involved in the transportation of sanctioned oil
Total number:
1468
Marine vessels
545
Masters
Updated: 23.09.2026
The shadow tanker fleet transports growing volumes of sanctioned oil around the world, generates billions of dollars in revenue for russia and Iran, threatens environmental safety in the oceans, serves as a spy platform, and is used for sabotage activities in the interests of the aggressor.
The sanctioned countries are looking for new markets for oil, building up their tanker fleet to circumvent restrictions, and shipping crude oil mainly to China and India.
The shadow tanker fleet with a total deadweight of more than 100 million tons (approximately 17% of the world`s oil tanker fleet) consists of more than a thousand mostly outdated, poorly maintained vessels without proper insurance, with ‘confusing’ ownership and management structures located in ‘friendly’ jurisdictions, under ‘convenient’ flags. Such vessels resort to deceptive tactics at sea to conceal the origin of their cargo, threaten ‘environmental chaos’ and billions of dollars in losses to coastal countries by passing through busy, narrow international transportation routes without pilotage. Since the beginning of russia`s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, shadow tankers have already been involved in more than 50 incidents from the Danish Straits to Malaysia.
 
 
 
 
Category
Sanctions
 
 
DWT: 90 603 тис.тоннTotal: 892
SOLARIS
Vessel name
SOLARIS
IMO
9333436
Flag (Current)
Oman Oman
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
It is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil. The vessel is certified by the regulator Indian Register of Shipping (IACS) since August 06, 2024.
The vessel transported russian oil from russian ports to third countries.
The vessel through Thunder Shipmanagement LLC-FZ, Avebury Shipmanagment LLC-FZ, Fornax Ship Management, Sun Ship Management, Oil Tankers Scf Mgmt FZCO, affiliated with the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot - the largest state-owned shipping company in russia for the maintenance and provision of offshore hydrocarbon extraction, transportation of russian oil, petroleum products, and liquefied gas. The main charterers of Sovcomflot vessels are the largest oil and gas companies and traders of russia. "Sovcomflot" participates in the maintenance of large oil and gas projects in russia: "Sakhalin-1", "Sakhalin-2", "Varandey", "Pryrazlomnoye", "Novyy Port", "Yamal LNG", others. Before the full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine, the company's fleet consisted of about 145 vessels. After the application of sanctions, PJSC Sovcomflot transferred dozens of vessels to the ownership of companies it created, including those in foreign jurisdictions, in order to circumvent them, starting the practice of constant "juggling" (transferring) vessels to related companies. The tankers "transferred" by PJSC Sovcomflot to related companies are, according to experts, part of the so-called "shadow tanker fleet" of the russian federation to continue sales of russian oil, petroleum products, and liquefied gas under Western sanctions.
In June-July 2024, UK and EU imposed sanctions on the vessel in connection with the transportation of russian oil and/or oil products from russia to third countries, as well as in connection with the support of the development of the energy sector of russia.
On October 17, 2024, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the vessel in connection with promoting, supporting actions or policies aimed at the operation, development or expansion of the energy sector in russia, including energy infrastructure.
On January 10, 2025, USA imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 21, 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On June 19, 2025, New Zealand imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On December 4, 2025, Australia imposed sanctions on the tanker.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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KOLOSS
Vessel name
KOLOSS
IMO
9296391
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
It is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil. The vessel transported russian oil from russian ports to third countries.
Before UK applied sanctions at the end of December 2023 to the former manager of the vessel, the operator of the "shadow fleet" - Radiating World shipping Services LLC (UAE), the last one, in order to avoid sanctions, transferred its tankers to other newly created companies, including the Dubai company Almuhit Alhadi Marine Services LLC, the Indian company Atos Remote Solutions.
In July 2024, UK imposed sanctions on a vessel in connection with its involvement in the transportation of russian oil and/or petroleum products from the russian federation to third countries.
On December 16, 2024, the EU imposed sanctions on the tanker (effective from December 17, 2024) due to the transportation of crude oil or petroleum products originating in or exported from russia, using irregular high-risk shipping practices as set out in the International Maritime Organization General Assembly Resolution A.1192 (33).
On December 23, 2024, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the vessel in connection with the transportation of crude oil or petroleum products originating in or exported from russia, using irregular and risky shipping practices, as set out in the resolution of the General Assembly of the International Maritime Organization A.1192 (33).
On February 21, 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On June 19, 2025, New Zealand imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On December 4, 2025, Australia imposed sanctions on the tanker.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 21, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the master of the vessel.
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JUNDAR
Vessel name
JUNDAR
IMO
9286657
Flag (Current)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The tanker is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil.
The international NGO Greenpeace refers to the tanker as part of the shadow fleet of tankers that transport russian oil around the world and threaten the environment.
Before United Kingdom applied sanctions in December 2023 to the former manager of the vessel, the operator of the "shadow fleet" - Radiating World shipping Services LLC (UAE), the last one, in order to avoid sanctions, transferred its tankers to other newly created companies, including the Dubai company Almuhit Alhadi Marine Services LLC, the Indian company Atos Remote Solutions.
In July 2024, UK imposed sanctions on a vessel in connection with its involvement in the transportation of russian oil and/or petroleum products from the russian federation to third countries.
On February 21, 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 24, March 04, 2025 EU and Switzerland respectively imposed sanctions on the tanker for transporting crude oil/oil products originating in or exported from russia using irregular and high-risk shipping practices as specified in the International Maritime Organization General Assembly resolution A.1192 (33) (EU sanctions will enter into force on February 25, 2025).
On June 19, 2025, New Zealand imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On December 4, 2025, Australia imposed sanctions on the tanker.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 21, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the master of the vessel.
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NORELLA
Vessel name
NORELLA
IMO
9288899
Flag (Current)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
It is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil from russian ports to third countries and the violation of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil in April 2023 (transportation to the Greek port of Laconikos Gulf), in particular, in August-September 2022, April 2023 (to the Greek port of Laconikos Gulf), January-February, April-May 2024 (to the Indian port of Chennai).
The international NGO Greenpeace refers to the tanker as part of the shadow fleet of tankers that transport russian oil around the world and threaten the environment.
The tanker is affiliated with the sanctioned company Radiating World Shipping Services LLC (UAE), which is considered one of the leading operators of the shadow fleet, and in early 2023 was one of the three largest carriers of russian oil along with Fractal Marine Shipping (UAE), Gatik Ship Management (India), and played a significant role in the export of russian oil to countries around the world during the period of sanctions restrictions.
After United Kingdom applied sanctions in December 2023 to the former manager of the vessel, the operator of the 'shadow fleet' - Radiating World shipping Services LLC (UAE), the latst one, in order to avoid sanctions, transferred its tankers to other newly created companies, including the Dubai company Breath shipping Services LLC, the Indian company Atos Remote Solutions.
In July 2024, UK imposed sanctions on a vessel in connection with its involvement in the transportation of russian oil and/or petroleum products from the russian federation to third countries.
On February 21, 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 24, March 04, 2025 EU and Switzerland respectively imposed sanctions on the tanker for transporting crude oil/oil products originating in or exported from russia using irregular and high-risk shipping practices as specified in the International Maritime Organization General Assembly resolution A.1192 (33) (EU sanctions will enter into force on February 25, 2025).
On June 19, 2025, New Zealand imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On December 4, 2025, Australia imposed sanctions on the tanker.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 21, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the master of the vessel.
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DHEZI
Vessel name
DHEZI
IMO
9289520
Flag (Current)
unknown
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
It is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil.
Before UK applied sanctions in December 2023 to the former manager of the vessel, the operator of the "shadow fleet" - Radiating World shipping Services LLC (UAE), the last one, in order to avoid sanctions, transferred its tankers to other newly created companies, including the Dubai company Almuhit Alhadi Marine Services LLC, Indian company Atos Remote Solutions.
In June-July 2024, UK and EU imposed sanctions on the vessel in connection with its involvement in the transportation of russian oil and/or oil products from the russian federation to third countries, as well as for its participation in the circumvention of European restrictions.
On October 17, 2024, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the vessel in response to the transportation of oil/oil products originating from russia or exported from russia, using irregular and high-risk shipping practices, as specified in the resolution of the General Assembly of the International Maritime Organization A.1192(33).
On February 21, 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
According to the GISIS IMO data, as of July 15, 2025, the vessel's registered name is DHEZI, and the flag is designated as "Sint Maarten False". At the same time, the vessel sails hiding behind the flag of Curacao.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 21, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the master of the vessel.
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LIPETSK
Vessel name
LIPETSK
IMO
9339301
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The vessel is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil and the price cap policy at $60 per barrel of russian oil. The tanker was involved in the sale of russian crude oil at a price of more than $80 after the price-cap policy came into effect.
The vessel through the russian company Invest Fleet LLC is affiliated with the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot, the largest state-owned shipping company in russia that services and supports offshore hydrocarbon production, transportation of russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas. The major charterers of PJSC Sovcomflot's vessels are russia's largest oil and gas companies and traders. PJSC Sovcomflot is involved in servicing major oil and gas projects in russia: Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Novy Port, Yamal LNG and others. After the sanctions were imposed, PJSC Sovcomflot transferred dozens of vessels to the ownership of companies it had set up, including in foreign jurisdictions, and began the practice of constantly 'juggling' (transferring) vessels to related companies. According to expert estimates, the tankers 're-registered' by PJSC Sovcomflot to related companies are part of the so-called 'shadow tanker fleet' of the russian federation to continue selling russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas under Western sanctions.
In February 2024, USA imposed sanctions on the vessel IMO 9339301 for violating the price-cap policy.
On February 24, 2025, EU imposed sanctions on a tanker associated with a sanctioned person as part of the restrictions on the russian shadow fleet (the sanctions come into force on February 25, 2025).
On March 04, 2025, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the tanker as a vessel associated with a sanctioned entity.
On July 21, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
In November 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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PRIMORYE
Vessel name
PRIMORYE
IMO
9421960
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The vessel is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil.
The tanker was transporting Russian crude oil at a price of more than $75 after the price-cap policy came into effect.
The owner and manager of the tanker is the russian company South Fleet LLC, the previous owner was the sanctioned company Lumber Marine SA, affiliated with the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot, the largest state-owned shipping company in Russia for servicing and supporting offshore hydrocarbon production, transportation of Russian oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas. The major charterers of PAO Sovcomflot's vessels are Russia's largest oil and gas companies and traders. PAO Sovcomflot is involved in servicing major oil and gas projects in russia: "Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Novy Port, Yamal LNG and others.
In October 2023, the US imposed sanctions on the vessel IMO 9421960 for violating the price cap policy.
Since February 25, 2025, the EU has imposed sanctions on the tanker.
On March 4, 2025, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the vessel.
In June 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the tanker.
On July 21, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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OTLA
Vessel name
OTLA
IMO
9299719
Flag (Current)
unknown
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The vessel is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo on russian oil and the price cap policy at $60 per barrel of russian oil. The tanker was transporting russian Urals crude oil at a price of more than $70 after the price-cap policy came into effect.
In 2024-2025, the tanker transported russian oil from the port of Primorsk to China. The shipments were carried out under the command of captain Ivan Nikiforov.
The tanker is affiliated through related companies with the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot, the largest state-owned shipping company in russia that services and supports offshore hydrocarbon production, transportation of russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas. The major charterers of PJSC Sovcomflot's vessels are russia's largest oil and gas companies and traders. PJSC Sovcomflot is involved in servicing major oil and gas projects in russia: Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Novy Port, Yamal LNG and others. After the sanctions were imposed, PJSC Sovcomflot transferred dozens of vessels to the ownership of companies it had set up, including in foreign jurisdictions, and began the practice of constantly 'juggling' (transferring) vessels to related companies. According to expert estimates, the tankers 're-registered' by PJSC Sovcomflot to related companies are part of the so-called 'shadow tanker fleet' of the russian federation to continue selling russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas under Western sanctions.
In December 2023, USA imposed sanctions on the tanker ІМО 9299719 for non-compliance with the price-cap policy for russian crude oil.
On February 24, 2025, EU imposed sanctions on a tanker associated with a sanctioned person (the sanctions come into force on February 25, 2025).
On March 04, 2025, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the tanker as a vessel associated with a sanctioned entity.
On April 11, 2025, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the master of vessel IMO 9299719.
On May 20, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the tanker as part of the restrictions on the shadow fleet of the russian federation, including for engaging in activities aimed at destabilizing Ukraine, undermining/threatening the territorial integrity, sovereignty or independence of Ukraine or benefiting from or supporting the government of russia, and participating in the transportation of crude oil/petroleum products of russian origin, in particular, from russia to a third country.
In November 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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KARELIYA
Vessel name
KARELIYA
IMO
9306782
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the period of the G7+ oil embargo and the price-cap policy on russian crude oil/oil products, the tanker is involved in the export of russian crude oil/oil products from russian ports and in violation of the price cap policy of $60 per barrel of russian crude oil.
The vessel is owned by Gallion Navigation Inc, a manager of the russian company Invest Fleet LLC, controlled by the sanctioned Sovcomflot PJSC,the largest state-owned shipping company in russia that services and supports offshore hydrocarbon production, transportation of russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas. The major charterers of PJSC Sovcomflot's vessels are russia's largest oil and gas companies and traders. PJSC Sovcomflot is involved in servicing major oil and gas projects in russia: Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Novy Port, Yamal LNG and others. After the sanctions were imposed, PJSC Sovcomflot transferred dozens of vessels to the ownership of companies it had set up, including in foreign jurisdictions, and began the practice of constantly 'juggling' (transferring) vessels to related companies. According to expert estimates, the tankers 're-registered' by PJSC Sovcomflot to related companies are part of the so-called 'shadow tanker fleet' of the russian federation to continue selling russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas under Western sanctions.
In November 2023, USA imposed sanctions on three vessels (including ІМО 9306782) affiliated with the sanctioned company PJSC Sovcomflot, which were involved in the export of russian crude oil at a price of more than $60 per barrel after the price-cap policy for russian oil came into effect.
On February 24, 2025, EU imposed sanctions on a tanker associated with a sanctioned person (the sanctions come into force on February 25, 2025).
On March 04, 2025, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the tanker as a vessel associated with a sanctioned entity.
On July 21, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
In November 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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LIGOVSKY PROSPECT
Vessel name
LIGOVSKY PROSPECT
IMO
9256066
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The vessel is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the G7 and EU oil embargo and violated the price cap policy of $60 per barrel of russian oil.
Since January 2024, the vessel has been owned and managed by the russian company South Fleet LLC, controlled by the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot, the largest state-owned shipping company in russia that services and supports offshore hydrocarbon production, transportation of russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas. The major charterers of PJSC Sovcomflot's vessels are russia's largest oil and gas companies and traders. PJSC Sovcomflot is involved in servicing major oil and gas projects in russia: Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Novy Port, Yamal LNG and others. After the sanctions were imposed, PJSC Sovcomflot transferred dozens of vessels to the ownership of companies it had set up, including in foreign jurisdictions, and began the practice of constantly 'juggling' (transferring) vessels to related companies. According to expert estimates, the tankers 're-registered' by PJSC Sovcomflot to related companies are part of the so-called 'shadow tanker fleet' of the russian federation to continue selling russian crude oil, oil products, and liquefied natural gas under Western sanctions.
The previous owner of the tanker ІМО 9256066 is the sanctioned Progress shipping company Limited (UAE), affiliated with PJSC Sovcomflot. The change of the tanker's owner and manager to a russian shipping company took place after sanctions were imposed on Progress shipping company Limited (UAE).
In November 2023, USA imposed sanctions on three vessels (including ІМО 9256066) affiliated with the sanctioned company PJSC Sovcomflot, which were involved in the export of russian crude oil at a price of more than $60 per barrel after the price-cap policy for russian oil came into force.
On February 24, 2025, EU imposed sanctions on a tanker associated with a sanctioned person (the sanctions come into force on February 25, 2025).
On March 04, 2025, Switzerland imposed sanctions on the tanker as a vessel associated with a sanctioned entity.
On July 21, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
In November 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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KAZAN
Vessel name
KAZAN
IMO
9258002
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The vessel is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil during the G7 and EU oil embargo and in violation of the price cap policy.
The vessel is owned by Kazan Shipping Inc (UAE) and managed by the russian company Invest Fleet LLC, established in December 2023. Invest Fleet LLC is managed by the russian company SKF Arktika LLC, a subsidiary of the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot. Sovcomflot is russia's largest state-owned shipping company providing services and support for offshore hydrocarbon production and the transportation of russian oil, petroleum products, and liquefied natural gas. The main charterers of Sovcomflot vessels are russia's largest oil and gas companies and traders. Sovcomflot participates in the servicing of major oil and gas projects in russia: Sakhalin-1, Sakhalin-2, Varandey, Prirazlomnoye, Novy Port, Yamal LNG, and others.
In November 2023, the US imposed sanctions on three vessels (including IMO 9258002) affiliated with the sanctioned company PJSC Sovcomflot, involved in the export of russian crude oil at a price of more than $60 per barrel after the price cap policy on russian oil came into force.
On February 25 and March 4, 2025, the EU and Switzerland imposed sanctions on the vessel, respectively.
On July 21, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
In November 2025, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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