Shadow Fleet

Marine vessels involved in the transportation of sanctioned oil
Total number:
1404
Marine vessels
534
Masters
Updated: 07.05.2026
The shadow tanker fleet transports growing volumes of sanctioned oil around the world, generates billions of dollars in revenue for russia and Iran, threatens environmental safety in the oceans, serves as a spy platform, and is used for sabotage activities in the interests of the aggressor.
The sanctioned countries are looking for new markets for oil, building up their tanker fleet to circumvent restrictions, and shipping crude oil mainly to China and India.
The shadow tanker fleet with a total deadweight of more than 100 million tons (approximately 17% of the world`s oil tanker fleet) consists of more than a thousand mostly outdated, poorly maintained vessels without proper insurance, with ‘confusing’ ownership and management structures located in ‘friendly’ jurisdictions, under ‘convenient’ flags. Such vessels resort to deceptive tactics at sea to conceal the origin of their cargo, threaten ‘environmental chaos’ and billions of dollars in losses to coastal countries by passing through busy, narrow international transportation routes without pilotage. Since the beginning of russia`s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, shadow tankers have already been involved in more than 50 incidents from the Danish Straits to Malaysia.
 
 
 
 
Category
Sanctions
 
 
DWT: 88 516 тис.тоннTotal: 854
STARWAY
Vessel name
STARWAY
IMO
9273246
Flag (Current)
Panama Panama
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The tanker is involved in the export of russian crude oil/petroleum products from russian ports during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil/petroleum products: until July 2024, in the Black Sea (in particular, from the Sheskharis terminal (Novorossiysk), which is a transshipment complex, the end point of the main pipelines of Chernomortransneft JSC (TIN: 2315072242, under USA sanctions), a subsidiary of the sanctioned russian Transneft PJSC (TIN: 7706061801), in the Baltic Sea, including with the use of deceptive practices (disabling AIS, conducting dark activities near the russian port of Ust-Luga), and since January 2025 - russian ports in the Pacific region.
In January and February 2023, the tanker was involved in the export of consignments of russian oil products (almost 60 thousand tons in total) from the russian port of Tuapse, where the production complex belonging to the sanctioned PJSC Rosneft Oil Company, the Tuapse Oil Refinery with a sea terminal, is located. The sender of the cargo was the sanctioned russian Rosneft, and the recipients were Tejarinaft FZCO, Bellatrix Energy Limited (Hong Kong), which was sanctioned by the United States in December 2023 for significant participation in the trade in russian crude oil/petroleum products after the introduction of a price restriction policy.
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NOSTOS
Vessel name
NOSTOS
IMO
9258014
Flag (Current)
Liberia Liberia
Vessel Type
Oil Products Tanker
Category
Cargo transportation from/to ТОТ of Ukraine
icon arrow-tree Calling ports of the TOT
The tanker, during the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil / petroleum products, is involved in the export of russian crude oil / petroleum products from russian ports, using deceptive, high-risk shipping practices (turning off AIS, conducting dark activities, STS transfers, including near European countries, with vessels affiliated with operators of the russian shadow fleet).
The tanker was also involved in the transportation of Iranian crude oil / petroleum products.
The vessel calls at ports in the temporarily occupied territories of Ukraine, in particular the port of Kamysh-Burun in September 2025.
In September 2025, the tanker exported more than 65,000 tons of russian petroleum products from the port of Novorossiysk (including from the Sheskharis terminal) to the UAE.
In February, October 2023, and January 2024, the tanker was involved in the export of several shipments of petroleum products (over 100,000 tons in total) (on behalf of Tejarinaft FZCO and Voliton DMCC) from the russian port of Tuapse, where the production complex belonging to the sanctioned PJSC Oil Company Rosneft is located — the Tuapse Oil Refinery with a maritime terminal. The shipper of the cargo was the sanctioned russian PJSC Oil Company Rosneft (two shipments) and Amur Trading FZCO (one shipment). Voliton DMCC (UAE, formerly known as Petrokim Trading Middle East & Asia DMCC) has been sanctioned by the US as part of restrictions against shipowners and vessels involved in transporting russian crude oil above the price cap. Voliton DMCC and Guron Trading Limited are considered to be associated with Etibar Eyyub, who, together with other associated companies, became the main intermediary for PJSC Oil Company Rosneft in the export of russian crude oil / petroleum products.
In January 2026, the tanker exported 307,000 barrels of russian petroleum products from the Seskharis terminal in the port of Novorossiysk to Turkey in the interests of REDWOOD GLOBAL SUPPLY FZ-LLC (UAE), which was sanctioned by the UK on December 18, 2025, for its activities in the energy sector of the russian economy.
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CH ELIXIR
Vessel name
CH ELIXIR
IMO
9253246
Flag (Current)
Barbados Barbados
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Cargo transportation from/to ТОТ of Ukraine
icon arrow-tree Calling ports of the TOT
During the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil/petroleum products, the tanker is involved in the export of russian crude oil/petroleum products mainly from russian ports in the Baltic and Black Seas, including through STS transfers with russian affiliations. Transshipment of crude oil/petroleum products of russian origin by STS method at sea allows concealing the ownership and origin of the cargo, legalizing their supply to the EU, the US and other countries. In turn, the sale of crude oil/petroleum products on the world market allows accumulating significant financial resources in the state budget of the russian federation, which are used, among other things, to build up the military potential of the aggressor state and to provide material support for russia's military operations on the territory of Ukraine.
The tanker engages in dark activities in the Kerch Strait (December 2024), near russian ports in the Black Sea (December 2024, January 2023), Turkey (September 2024), and Libya (June 2024).
The vessel calls at the ports of the TOT of Ukraine, in particular, in December 2024, the tanker IMO 9253246 called at the port of Komysh-Burun, after leaving the port of Komysh-Burun, the tanker called at the Libyan port.
In January and February 2023, the tanker was involved in the export of consignments of russian diesel oil products (almost 63 thousand tons in total) from the russian port of Tuapse, where the production complex belonging to the sanctioned Rosneft Oil Company, the Tuapse Oil Refinery with a sea terminal, is located. The sender of the cargo was the sanctioned russian Rosneft, and the recipients were Tejarinaft FZCO and Spg Trading LLC.
In December 2024, in the Kerch Strait area, tanker IMO 9253246 made an STS transfer with tanker IMO 9271327, which is considered part of the shadow fleet, classified by the International NGO Greenpeace as a shadow fleet of tankers transporting russian oil around the world and threatening the environment. On January 10, 2025, the United States sanctioned tanker IMO 9271327, with which tanker IMO 9253246 had conducted an STS transmission shortly before the restrictions were imposed.
In December 2024, in the Kerch Strait area, tanker IMO 9253246 conducted an STS transmission with tanker IMO 9240885. The tanker IMO 9240885 is considered part of the shadow fleet, involved in the transportation of Iranian oil, export of russian crude oil/petroleum products from russian ports, including by conducting STS transfers in the Kerch Strait area with vessels with russian affiliation (including the tanker IMO 9224441, affiliated with the sanctioned PJSC Sovcomflot, the largest state-owned shipping company in russia for servicing and supporting offshore hydrocarbon production, transportation of russian oil, oil products, and liquefied gas), makes calls to the ports of the TOT of Crimea of Ukraine (Komysh-Burun, Kerch), in particular in December 2024, March 2025.
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BENTLEY
Vessel name
BENTLEY
IMO
9220914
Flag (Current)
Cook Islands Cook Islands
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil/petroleum products, the tanker is involved in the export of russian crude oil/petroleum products mainly from the russian ports of Novorossiysk and Tuapse, Taman crude oil/petroleum products transshipment complex in the Black Sea, as well as through STS transfers with russian affiliation in the Kerch Strait area, near Romania with vessels IMO 9278959, IMO 9288992, IMO 9612909, IMO 6514376, IMO 8727953, IMO 9230505, IMO 9683726. Transshipment of crude oil/petroleum products of russian origin at sea using the STS method allows concealing the ownership and origin of the cargo, and legalizing their supply to the EU, USA and other countries. In turn, the sale of crude oil/petroleum products on the world market allows accumulating significant financial resources in the state budget of the russian federation, which are used, among other things, to build up the military potential of the aggressor state and to provide material support for russia's military operations on the territory of Ukraine.
In July 2023, the tanker was involved in the export of gasoil (almost 30 thousand tons) from the russian port of Tuapse, the sender of the cargo was Amur Trading FZCO, the recipient was Tejarinaft FZCO. There is a production complex in Tuapse belonging to the sanctioned Rosneft - the Tuapse Refinery with a marine terminal.
According to the United Against Nuclear Iran, the tanker has been part of the armada of ghosts helping Iran transport Iranian oil since April 2024.
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BERNICE
Vessel name
BERNICE
IMO
9220926
Flag (Current)
Bahamas Bahamas
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
Танкер в период действия нефтяного эмбарго G7 и ЕС, политики price cap на российскую нефть/нефтепродукты задействован в экспорте российской нефти/нефтепродуктов с применением обманчивых практик (отключение AIS, ведение темной деятельности в районе Керченского пролива, вблизи российских портов в Черном море). Судно осуществляет заходы в российский порт Светлый в Балтийском море, где размещен терминал российской подсанкционной компании ПАО "Лукойл", мощностью 6 млн т нефти и нефтепродуктов, в российский Таманский перегрузочный комплекс нефти и нефтепродуктов, порт Новороссийск в Черном море.
По состоянию на 24 апреля 2025 года владельцем, менеджером танкера с июля 2023 года является китайская компания Bernice Shipping Ltd, флот которой состоит только из судна IMO 9220926.
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