Shadow Fleet

Marine vessels involved in the transportation of sanctioned oil
Total number:
1468
Marine vessels
545
Masters
Updated: 23.09.2026
The shadow tanker fleet transports growing volumes of sanctioned oil around the world, generates billions of dollars in revenue for russia and Iran, threatens environmental safety in the oceans, serves as a spy platform, and is used for sabotage activities in the interests of the aggressor.
The sanctioned countries are looking for new markets for oil, building up their tanker fleet to circumvent restrictions, and shipping crude oil mainly to China and India.
The shadow tanker fleet with a total deadweight of more than 100 million tons (approximately 17% of the world`s oil tanker fleet) consists of more than a thousand mostly outdated, poorly maintained vessels without proper insurance, with ‘confusing’ ownership and management structures located in ‘friendly’ jurisdictions, under ‘convenient’ flags. Such vessels resort to deceptive tactics at sea to conceal the origin of their cargo, threaten ‘environmental chaos’ and billions of dollars in losses to coastal countries by passing through busy, narrow international transportation routes without pilotage. Since the beginning of russia`s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, shadow tankers have already been involved in more than 50 incidents from the Danish Straits to Malaysia.
 
 
 
 
Category
Sanctions
 
 
DWT: 90 603 тис.тоннTotal: 892
JIN HUI
Vessel name
JIN HUI
IMO
9430272
Flag (Current)
unknown
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the G7 and EU oil embargo and price cap policy on russian crude oil/petroleum products, the tanker is involved in the export of russian crude oil/petroleum products from russian ports of the Baltic Sea to third countries in 2024–2025.
Tanker IMO 9430272 is the sole vessel owned by Jinhui Shipping Ltd (Marshall Islands), which indicates an opaque corporate management policy.
Since December 19, 2025, the EU has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since January 13, 2026, Switzerland has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 12, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 24, 2026, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
In early May 2026, the Swedish Coast Guard intercepted and detained the tanker IMO 9430272 in its territorial waters in the Baltic Sea near Trelleborg. The tanker was sailing without cargo under a false Syrian flag. Syria officially notified the International Maritime Organization that it had not registered this vessel. In fact, it turned out to be stateless—and under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), this gives a coastal state the right to board a vessel in its territorial waters. On board the tanker, IMO 9430272, authorities discovered serious violations of shipping standards (technical issues, problems with the oil record book), as well as a lack of proper insurance. The vessel’s captain (a citizen of the People’s Republic of China) was detained on suspicion of using forged documents and violating maritime law; however, by mid-June 2026, Swedish authorities released him due to insufficient grounds for detention. As of June 17, 2026, the tanker remains off the coast of Skåne and is subject to a ban on operation.
On June 12, 2026, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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SILVER ICE
Vessel name
SILVER ICE
IMO
9323364
Flag (Current)
Cameroon Cameroon
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian oil/petroleum products, the tanker was involved in the export of russian oil/petroleum products.
On October 15, 2025, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the tanker in connection with the transportation of oil or petroleum products of russian origin from russia to a third country.
From August 2023 to September 2025, tanker IMO 9323364 was affiliated with the Indian company Peninsular Maritime India Pvt. Ltd. The Peninsular Maritime India Pvt. Ltd fleet includes shadow fleet tankers, in particular, the tanker IMO 9329760, which is involved in the transportation of russian crude oil/petroleum products from russian ports in the Baltic Sea, engaging in deceptive shipping practices in the Baltic Sea, used by russia as a spy platform, aimed at observing NATO naval and air activities, involved in sabotage activities in the Baltic Sea, detained on December 26, 2024, by the competent authority of Finland on suspicion of breaking the Estlink 2 submarine cable with its anchor on December 25, 2024.
Since December 19, 2025, the EU has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since January 13, 2026, Switzerland has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 12, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On June 12, 2026, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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THOTH
Vessel name
THOTH
IMO
9164718
Flag (Current)
russian federation russian federation
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the period of the G7 oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian oil/petroleum products, the tanker is involved in the export of russian oil/petroleum products from russian ports using deceptive, high-risk shipping practices, in particular in the Gulf of Finland.
The vessel is affiliated with the russian company Kontur SPB LLC (7810220078), which operates a bunkering, environmental and rescue fleet. The company has been providing the following services since 2003:
- supplying (bunkering) ships with high quality fuel and oils in the russian ports of St. Petersburg, Ust-Luga, and Novorossiysk;
- transportation of petroleum products by inland waterways of the russian federation;
- emergency and rescue teams are prepared to localize and eliminate oil spills in the water area of the Big Port of St. Petersburg and the Gulf of Finland, as well as in the ports of Novorossiysk, Kavkaz, Temryuk, and Tuapse;
- provision of environmental services for the collection, transportation, use, disposal, and disposal of hazardous waste;
- agency of sea and river vessels in the Big Port of St. Petersburg (organizing ship calls, conducting border, customs and sanitary-quarantine formalities for ship arrivals and departures, supplying the vessel with food and water, organizing pilotage and icebreaking, providing tugs, transferring the crew, purchasing and delivering onboard cards and manuals, etc).
Kontur SPB LLC is involved in supplying the russian Ministry of Defense under government contracts.
Since October 24, 2025, the EU has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Switzerland has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On June 12, 2026, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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URIEL
Vessel name
URIEL
IMO
9336517
Flag (Current)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
Vessel Type
Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the G7 and EU oil embargo and price cap policy on russian oil / petroleum products, the tanker was involved in the export of russian oil / petroleum products.
The vessel is affiliated with Maritas Fleet PVT LTD (India), which was the operator of the tanker. Maritas Fleet PVT LTD was founded in December 2022 in Mumbai and has acquired 29 tankers, including vessels owned by Hennesea Holdings Limited. Hennesea Holdings Limited was founded in late 2022 in the UAE and, shortly before the introduction of the price cap policy, acquired more than 20 old tankers that were focused on transporting russian crude oil at a price higher than $60 per barrel. In January 2024, the US imposed sanctions on Hennesea Holdings Limited and part of its tanker fleet for violating the price cap policy.
Since July 2025, the tanker has been managed by Lumen Ship Management FZCO, whose fleet as of October 16, 2025, consists of eight oil tankers, including those under sanctions, which previously belonged to Hennesea Holdings Limited and were managed by the Indian company Maritas Fleet PVT LTD.
After the change in management, the vessel continues to transport russian oil / petroleum products. Between January 2024 and July 2025, the tanker transported approximately 1 million barrels of russian oil / petroleum products.
Since October 24, 2025, the EU has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Switzerland has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since December 13, 2025, Ukraine has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 24, 2026, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On June 12, 2026, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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LAYLA
Vessel name
LAYLA
IMO
9306809
Flag (Current)
Cameroon Cameroon
Vessel Type
Chemical/Oil Products Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
During the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil and petroleum products, the tanker was involved in 2025 in the export of russian crude oil and petroleum products from russian ports in the Pacific region to the People’s Republic of China.
According to United Against Nuclear Iran (UANI), the vessel is suspected of involvement in the transportation of Iranian crude oil and/or petroleum products.
Since December 19, 2025, the EU has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
Since January 13, 2026, Switzerland has imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 12, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On February 24, 2026, the United Kingdom imposed sanctions on the vessel.
On June 12, 2026, Canada imposed sanctions on the vessel.
The tanker is also involved in supplying petroleum products to the russian federation during the fuel crisis. The tanker IMO 9306809, under the command of master Wu Yongjian (Chinese citizen), delivered 27,500 metric tons of diesel fuel from the port of Ulsan, South Korea, to Vladivostok in late July 2026. This strategic cargo was ordered by the russian oil and gas holding company JSC "Independent Petroleum Company" (TIN 7704233903, under Ukrainian sanctions), which supplies fuel to TZK-AERO LLC (TIN 2724152185) worth billions. TZK-AERO LLC, meanwhile, supplies the needs of the armed forces, the Federal Security Service (FSB), and other military formations of the russian federation under government contracts. Caliph Energy Trading FZE (UAE) and the russian company Trans Marin LLC were also involved in supplying diesel fuel from South Korea to russia.
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