Shadow Fleet

Marine vessels involved in the transportation of sanctioned oil
Total number:
1468
Marine vessels
545
Masters
Updated: 23.09.2026
The shadow tanker fleet transports growing volumes of sanctioned oil around the world, generates billions of dollars in revenue for russia and Iran, threatens environmental safety in the oceans, serves as a spy platform, and is used for sabotage activities in the interests of the aggressor.
The sanctioned countries are looking for new markets for oil, building up their tanker fleet to circumvent restrictions, and shipping crude oil mainly to China and India.
The shadow tanker fleet with a total deadweight of more than 100 million tons (approximately 17% of the world`s oil tanker fleet) consists of more than a thousand mostly outdated, poorly maintained vessels without proper insurance, with ‘confusing’ ownership and management structures located in ‘friendly’ jurisdictions, under ‘convenient’ flags. Such vessels resort to deceptive tactics at sea to conceal the origin of their cargo, threaten ‘environmental chaos’ and billions of dollars in losses to coastal countries by passing through busy, narrow international transportation routes without pilotage. Since the beginning of russia`s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, shadow tankers have already been involved in more than 50 incidents from the Danish Straits to Malaysia.
 
 
 
 
Category
Sanctions
 
 
DWT: 90 603 тис.тоннTotal: 892
VIXENA
Vessel name
VIXENA
IMO
9271573
Flag (Current)
Sierra Leone Sierra Leone
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The tanker, during the period of the G7+ oil embargo and the price cap policy on russian crude oil and petroleum products, is involved in the export of russian crude oil from russian ports on the Baltic and Black Seas, primarily to India, Turkey, and China, on behalf of the largest russian oil companies.
Specifically, in February 2026, the vessel exported over 1 million barrels of Urals crude oil from the port of Primorsk to Turkey.
In November 2025, the tanker exported over 826,000 barrels of Urals crude oil from the port of Primorsk to Turkey.
In September 2025, the vessel exported over 722,000 barrels of Urals crude oil from the port of Primorsk to Turkey; the seller of the cargo was PJSC "Lukoil."
In June 2025, the tanker exported nearly 706,000 barrels of crude oil from the port of Primorsk to Turkey on behalf of PJSC Lukoil.
In April 2025, the vessel exported over 1 million barrels of Urals crude oil from the "Sheshkharis" terminal at the Port of Novorossiysk to India; the seller of the cargo was PJSC "Rosneft."
In February 2025, the tanker transported nearly 706,000 barrels of Urals crude oil from the port of Primorsk to India on behalf of PJSC Lukoil.
In October 2024, the tanker exported over 1 million barrels of Varandey crude oil from the floating storage facility IMO 9217979 to India on behalf of PJSC Lukoil.
In May 2024, the tanker exported more than 1 million barrels of Urals crude oil from the "Sheshkharis" terminal at the Port of Novorossiysk to China; the seller of the cargo was PJSC "Lukoil."
In January 2024, the vessel exported over 1 million barrels of Urals crude oil from the port of Ust-Luga to India; the seller of the cargo was PJSC "Rosneft."
The international non-governmental organization Greenpeace classifies the tanker as part of the "shadow fleet" of tankers that transport russian oil around the world and pose a threat to the environment.
The vessel is involved in the oil sector of the russian federation’s economy, the profits from which are one of the most important sources of revenue for the aggressor state’s budget.
On February 12, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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AVA 10
Vessel name
AVA 10
IMO
9247986
Flag (Current)
Comoros Comoros
Vessel Type
Crude Oil Tanker
Category
Transportation of fossil fuels in violation of sanctions and other restrictions
icon arrow-tree Transporting russian crude oil / petroleum products
The tanker is involved in the transportation of Iranian, russian, and Venezuelan crude oil/petroleum products.
In January 2025, the tanker exported russian wet cargo from the russian port of Ust-Luga to Singapore.
The vessel is involved in the transportation of Iranian oil, including more than 700,000 barrels of Iranian crude oil during STS transshipment in the EOPL area of Singapore from the sanctioned tanker IMO 9284582, which loaded this cargo on the island of Kharg (Iran).
Many tankers involved in transporting Iranian oil to countries such as China are also involved in Venezuelan trade, including tanker IMO 9247986. On June 11, 2022, Venezuelan leader Nicolás Maduro and former Iranian President Ebrahim Raisi signed a 20-year cooperation agreement to expand ties in the oil and petrochemical industries, as well as in the military and economic spheres. Since then, bilateral ties have begun to develop. Most cargo is transported by ships belonging to the sanctioned National Iranian Tanker Company (NITC) in both directions. A significant number of ships flying under foreign (non-Iranian) flags are also involved in this trade.
On November 20, 2025, the United States imposed sanctions on the tanker.
On February 12, 2026, Ukraine imposed sanctions on the vessel.
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