OCEAN PERI

During the period of the G7 and EU oil embargo and the price-cap policy on russian oil, the tanker is involved in the export of oil to third countries from russian ports in the Baltic and Black Seas, and resorts to the practice of turning off the AIS signal and conducting so-called 'dark activities' at sea (in the Kerch Strait in the Black Sea, off the southern coast of India).
The vessel is certified by the American Bureau of Shipping (IACS). The international NGO Greenpeace considers the tanker to be part of the shadow fleet.
The owner and commercial manager of the vessel is an unknown company, Strategic Alliance Ltd, registered in the Marshall Islands at: Trust Company Complex, Ajeltake Road, Ajeltake, Majuro MH 96960. This address in the Marshall Islands is identical for a whole group of oil tanker owners/managers, which may indicate an offshore zone for the shadow fleet operator network. In April 2024, more than 70 oil tanker owners/managers were registered at the address in the Marshall Islands. Under this model, only one tanker is registered per company, and in many cases the name of the shipowning company coincides with the name of the vessel owned by that company. All such tankers carried out transportation without IG P&I insurance, and 46 companies transported Russian oil without IG P&I insurance.
Against the backdrop of sanctions, russia is using a scheme of 'juggling' ships between related companies to conceal oil exports outside the price cap and other restrictions, as well as to hide the real owners of ships, and to ensure unimpeded transportation of fossil fuels by a 'shadow' fleet of outdated oil tankers, creates new companies for these purposes (in the UAE, Hong Kong, India, Turkey, Mauritius, Seychelles, and other jurisdictions) with non-transparent organizational and ownership structures. In order to implement this scheme, technical/commercial management and ship owners are constantly changing, and vessels are renamed with a change of flag, MMSI, call-sign, including for sanctioned vessels. Shadow fleet vessels operate under 'convenient flags', which allows them to conceal their true origin and avoid control by international organizations and insurance companies.
Almost all vessels involved in the transportation of russian oil by the shadow fleet since 2022 have been certified by the Indian regulator Indian Register of Shipping (IACS). The certification of shadow fleet vessels allows the shipowner/operator to insure the vessels, which, in turn, allows the vessels to enter ports and pass through various specific sea routes (straits, canals, etc.).
The 'shadow' fleet, transporting huge volumes of crude oil through heavily trafficked routes through narrow straits near the coastline, without proper P&I insurance, with the automatic identification system turned off, threatens an environmental disaster with significant economic costs to be borne by the affected coastal countries and/or the international community.
Oil exports from russia are the most important source of income for the kremlin regime to finance its war against Ukraine. The tax on oil production collected by russia in 2023 amounted to 8.9 trillion rubles, or 31% of total federal revenues. According to CREA data for September 2024, russia's revenues from crude oil exported by sea amounted to 192 million euros per day, 86% of the total volume of russian marine crude oil was transported by "shadow" tankers, while tankers owned or insured in countries that impose price restrictions accounted for 14% of the total value of russian oil exported in September.
Thus, russia's 'shadow fleet' continues to generate billions of dollars in revenue for the Kremlin bypassing sanctions, disguising its activities under the flags of third countries, using complex schemes to conceal owners, and poses significant environmental threats with significant economic costs to coastal countries and/or the international community due to the outdated and inadequate insurance of shadow fleet tankers.

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Anapa (russia), Constanta (Romania), Novorossiysk (russia), Port Of Sohar (Oman), Port Said (Egypt), Marport West (Soyak) Terminal (Turkey), Ust-Luga (russia), Beirut (Lebanon), Dongjiakou (PRC), Khor al Fakkan (UAE), Adabiya (Egypt), Zhelezny Rog (russia), Duqm (Oman), New Mangalore (India), Cochin (India), Icdas (Turkey), Akcansa (Turkey)